Development of The Statement of Will and Its Validity in Smart Contract

Authors

  • Ariyanto Ariyanto Fakultas Hukum Universitas Islam Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.30641/dejure.2024.V24.199-214

Keywords:

KUH Perdata, Meeting of Mind, Smart Contract

Abstract

The development of Smart Contract in this regard can be attributed to the stability of Indonesian law, where methods for executing contracts have become increasingly sophisticated. With the rapid growth of technological developments that use Smart Contracts and the urgency of the extent to which the current laws in Indonesia can support their development, the question arises of how Smart Contract work? When does the meeting of minds occur in a Smart Contract? And, how is the fulfillment of the principle of consensualisme in Smart Contract viewed from the perspective of Article 1320 of the Civil Code? The research method in this study was carried out using a qualitative normative method .The results of this study show, Smart Contract works by running without a third party and written on the Blockchain. Second, there is a meeting of minds in the Smart Contract, where both parties who intend to bind themselves in the Smart Contract send their cryptographic encryption to commit to each other in the Smart Contract, as proof that both have mutually agreed. Third, the principle of consensualism in Smart Contract from the perspective of Article 1320 of the Civil Code shows that agreement is an essential foundation for the validity of an agreement, ensuring that each party involved has agreed to the existing provisions.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Annisa Maudi Arsela dan Febby Mutiara Nelson, Perjanjian Nominee Dalam Huum Pertanahan Indonesia, PALAR (Pakuan Law Review) Volume 07, Nomor 02, Juli-Desember 2021

Alharby, Maher, and Aad van Moorsel. "˜Blockchain-Based Smart Contracts: A Systematic Mapping Study', 17 October 2017. https://doi.org/10.5121/csit.2017.71011.

Arkiswa, dkk. "˜Syarat Sah Kesepakatan Dalam Perjanjian Transaksi Elektronik Pada Aplikasi Jual Beli Online Lazada'. Jurnal Pro Hukum:Jurnal Penelitian Bidang Hukum Universitas Gresi 10, no. 1 (June 2021): 1-7.

Bedir, Cemre. "˜Contract Law in the Age of Big Data'. European Review of Contract Law 16, no. 3 (8 September 2020): 347-65. https://doi.org/10.1515/ercl-2020-0020.

Chen, Ting, Xiaoqi Li, Xiapu Luo, and Xiaosong Zhang. "˜Under-Optimized Smart Contracts Devour Your Money'. In 2017 IEEE 24th International Conference on Software Analysis, Evolution and Reengineering (SANER), 442-46. IEEE, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1109/SANER.2017.7884650.

Clack, Christopher D. "˜Smart Contract Templates: Legal Semantics and Code Validation'. Journal of Digital Banking, Henry Stewart Publications 2, no. 4 (May 2018): 338-52.

Clack, Christopher D., Vikram A. Bakshi, and Lee Braine. "˜Smart Contract Templates: Foundations, Design Landscape and Research Directions', 2 August 2016.

Dai, Jun, and Miklos A. Vasarhelyi. "˜Toward Blockchain-Based Accounting and Assurance'. Journal of Information Systems 31, no. 3 (1 September 2017): 5-21. https://doi.org/10.2308/isys-51804.

Danubrata, "˜Legalitas Penerapan Smart Contract Dalam Asuransi Pertanian di Indonesia', Jurist-Diction 2, No. 2, 2019.

DDdder, Boris, and Omri Ross. "˜Timber Tracking: Reducing Complexity of Due Diligence by Using Blockchain Technology'. SSRN Electronic Journal, 2017. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3015219.

Eberhardt, Jacob, and Stefan Tai. "˜On or Off the Blockchain? Insights on Off-Chaining Computation and Data', 3-15, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-67262-5_1.

Erizka Permatasari. "˜Asas-Asas Hukum Yang Berlaku Dalam Kontrak.' Hukum Online, September 2023.

Ferreira, Agata. "˜Regulating Smart Contracts: Legal Revolution or Simply Evolution?' Telecommunications Policy 45, no. 2 (March 2021): 102081. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.telpol.2020.102081.

Gad, Ahmed G., Diana T. Mosa, Laith Abualigah, and Amr A. Abohany. "˜Emerging Trends in Blockchain Technology and Applications: A Review and Outlook'. Journal of King Saud University - Computer and Information Sciences 34, no. 9 (October 2022): 6719-42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jksuci.2022.03.007.

Grover, Purva, Arpan Kumar Kar, Marijn Janssen, and P. Vigneswara Ilavarasan. "˜Perceived Usefulness, Ease of Use and User Acceptance of Blockchain Technology for Digital Transactions - Insights from User-Generated Content on Twitter'. Enterprise Information Systems 13, no. 6 (3 July 2019): 771-800. https://doi.org/10.1080/17517575.2019.1599446.

Grundmann, Stefan, and Philipp Hacker. "˜Digital Technology as a Challenge to European Contract Law'. European Review of Contract Law 13, no. 3 (28 January 2017). https://doi.org/10.1515/ercl-2017-0012.

Hamed Taherdoost, "˜Smart Contracts in Blockchain Technology: A Critical Review' MDPI, 2023.

Harry Purwanto. "˜Keberadaan Asas Pacta Sunt Servanda Dalam Perjanjian Internasional '. Mimbar Hukum 21, no. 1 (February 2009): 160-64.

Hazilina, Hazilina, and Gembongseto Hendro Soedagoeng. "˜Analisis Kebebasan Berkontrak Dalam Smart Contract E-Commerce'. Tanjungpura Law JournaL 5, no. 1 (9 April 2021): 53. https://doi.org/10.26418/tlj.v5i1.46223.

Herianto Sinaga, David, and I Wayan Wiryawan. "˜KEABSAHAN KONTRAK ELEKTRONIK (E-CONTRACT) DALAM PERJANJIAN BISNIS'. Kertha Semaya : Journal Ilmu Hukum 8, no. 9 (3 September 2020): 1385. https://doi.org/10.24843/KS.2020.v08.i09.p09.

Hesti Ayu Wahyuni, "˜Penggunaan Smart Contract pada Transaksi E-Commerce dalam Perspektif Hukum Perdata di Indonesia', Jurnal Hukum in Concreto 2, No. 1, 1-11

I Ketut Gunawan, Ninda Lutfiani, Qutotul Aini, et al, Smart Contract Innovation and Blockchain-Based Tokenization in Higher Education, Journal of Education Technology 5, No. 4, 2021, https://dx.doi.org/10.23887/jet.v5i4.406

ISDA and Linklaters. "˜Smart Contracts and Distributed Ledger - a Legal Perspective', 2017.

Jasvant Mandloi, Pratosh Bansal, "˜An empirical review on blockchain smart contracts: Application and challenges in implementation', International Journal of Computer Networks and Applications 7, No. 2, 2020.

J. Satrio. Hukum Jaminan (Hak-Hak Jaminan Kebendaan). Bandung: PT. Citra Aditya Bakti, 1993.

Juels, Ari, Ahmed Kosba, and Elaine Shi. "˜The Ring of Gyges'. In Proceedings of the 2016 ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security, 283-95. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1145/2976749.2978362.

Kogure, J., K. Kamakura, T. Shima, and T. Kubo. "˜ Blockchain Technology for Next Generation ICT'. Fujitsu Scientific and Technical Journal 53, no. 5 (2017): 56-61.

Lathifah Hanim. "˜ Pengaruh Perkembangan Teknologi Informasi Terhadap Keabsahan Perjanjian Dalam Perdagangan Secara Elektronik (E-Commerce) Di Era Globalisasi'. Jurnal Dinamika Hukum 11 (2011).

Laila Alfina Mayasari Rizqi dan Dedi Farera Prasetya, The Urgency of Implementing Smart Contract on E-Commerce's Sale and Purchase Transaction, Rewang Rencang: Jurnal Hukum Lex Generalis. Vol.3 No.4 (April 2022).

Luu, Loi, Duc-Hiep Chu, Hrishi Olickel, Prateek Saxena, and Aquinas Hobor. "˜Making Smart Contracts Smarter'. In Proceedings of the 2016 ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security, 254-69. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1145/2976749.2978309.

Magazzeni, Daniele, Peter McBurney, and William Nash. "˜Validation and Verification of Smart Contracts: A Research Agenda'. Computer 50, no. 9 (2017): 50-57. https://doi.org/10.1109/MC.2017.3571045.

Martin Valenta, Philipp Sandner. "˜Comparison of Ethereum, Hyperledger Fabric and Corda', June 2017.

Mendos KuÅŸkonmaz, Elif. "˜Data Protection on the Move: Current Developments in ICT and Privacy/Data Protection, Edited by Serge Gutwirth, Ronald Leenes and Paul de Hert'. International Journal of Law and Information Technology 25, no. 4 (1 December 2017): 341-44. https://doi.org/10.1093/ijlit/eax014.

Mik, Eliza Karolina. "˜Smart Contracts: Terminology, Technical Limitations and Real World Complexity'. SSRN Electronic Journal, 2017. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3038406.

Mochammad Isnaeni. Perjanjian Jual Beli. Bandung: PT. Refika Aditama ,., 2016.

Munawar, "˜The Legality of Smart Contract in the Perspectives of Indonesian Law and Islamic Law', Al-Istinbath: Jurnal Hukum Islam 7, No. 1, 2022.

Nur Solikin, "˜Pengantar Metodologi Penelitian Hukum', 2021.

Muko Adam, "˜Kajian Smart Contract Dalam Perspektif Hukum Indonesia', Doktrin: Jurnal Dunia Hukum dan Politik 2, No. 2, 13-24, https://doi.org/10.59581/Doktrin-widyakarya.v2i1.1950

Papantoniou, Alexandros A. "˜Smart Contracts in the New Era of Contract Law'. Digital Law Journal 1, no. 4 (30 December 2020): 8-24. https://doi.org/10.38044/2686-9136-2020-1-4-8-24.

R3. "˜Corda'. R3 Limited, 2018.

Rifa' IJ, Purwoto A, Ramadhani M, Muhammad M, Rusydi T, Khalil N, et al. METODOLOGI PENELITIAN HUKUM [Internet]. Ifititah A, editor. Serang: PT. Sada Kurnia Pustaka; [cited 2024 Mar 23]. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/372551174_Metodologi_Penelitian_Hukum

Ridwan Khairandy, (2014), Hukum Kontrak Indonesia Dalam Perspektif Perbandingan Bagian Pertama, Yogyakarta: FH UII PRESS

Rizqi, Laila Alfina Mayasari, and Dedi Farera Prasetya. "˜Urgensi Penggunaan Smart Contract Dalam Transaksi Jual Beli Di E-Commerce'. Jurnal Hukum Lex Generalis 3, no. 4 (20 April 2022): 327-38. https://doi.org/10.56370/jhlg.v3i4.247.

Saba Mohammaed, Mostafa Abdoul, Hayel Abd-Alhafeez et al. "˜Smart Contracts Used in the Blockchain: A Juristic Study, Diarasat 49, No. 2, https://doi.org/10.35516/law.v49i2.1

Salim HS. Pengantar Hukum Perdata Tertulis (BW),157. Jakarta: Sinar Grafika, 2011.

Sánchez, César, Gerardo Schneider, and Martin Leucker. "˜Reliable Smart Contracts: State-of-the-Art, Applications, Challenges and Future Directions', 275-79, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-03427-6_21.

Satoshi Nakamoto. Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System, 2008.

Savelyev, Alexander. "˜Contract Law 2.0: "Smart" Contracts as the Beginning of the End of Classic Contract Law'. Information & Communications Technology Law 26, no. 2 (4 May 2017): 116-34. https://doi.org/10.1080/13600834.2017.1301036.

"”"”"”. "˜Contract Law 2.0: Smartt Contracts As the Beginning of the End of Classic Contract Law'. SSRN Electronic Journal, 2016. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2885241.

Schulze, Reiner. "˜Characteristics of Modern European Contract Law'. Pravovedenie 64, no. 2 (2020): 201-21. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu25.2020.201.

Seijas, Pablo Lamela, Simon J. Thompson and Darryl McAdams. "˜Scripting Smart Contracts for Distributed Ledger Technology." '. IACR Cryptol. EPrint Arch, 2016, 1156.

Situmorang, Samuel. "˜Syarat Sahnya Suatu Jual-Beli Online Pada Perjanjian/ Kontrak Elektronik Di Indonesia'. Visi Sosial Humaniora 3, no. 2 (28 December 2022): 170-88. https://doi.org/10.51622/vsh.v3i2.1115.

Sklaroff, Jeremy M. "˜Smart Contracts and the Cost of Inflexibility, Prize Winning Papers. ', 2018, 9.

Soerjono Soekanto dan Sri Mamuji. Penelitian Hukum Normatif: Suatu Tinjauan Singkat. Jakarta: Raja Grafindo Persada, 2013

Szabo, Nick. "˜Formalizing and Securing Relationships on Public Networks'. First Monday 2, no. 9 (1 September 1997). https://doi.org/10.5210/fm.v2i9.548.

Tarakanov, Vasily V., Agnessa O. Inshakova, and Vladimira V. Dolinskaya. "˜Information Society, Digital Economy and Law', 3-15, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-13397-9_1.

Tresnawati, Angelina Marlina Fatmawati, Blockchain-Based Smart Contract: Advancing Digital Consumer Protection and Preventing Private International Law E-Commerce Cases, Yustia Jurnal Hukum 10, No. 3, 2021, http://jurnal.uns.ac.id

Twigg-Flesner, Christian. "˜Disruptive Technology - Disrupted Law? How the Digital Revolution Affects (Contract) Law'. In European Contract Law and the Digital Single Market, 21-48. Intersentia, n.d. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781780685212.003.

Vemuri, Vijay K. "˜Blockchain: A Practical Guide to Developing Business, Law, and Technology Solutions'. Journal of Information Technology Case and Application Research 20, no. 3-4 (2 October 2018): 161-63. https://doi.org/10.1080/15228053.2019.1588546.

Published

2024-07-29

How to Cite

Ariyanto, A. (2024). Development of The Statement of Will and Its Validity in Smart Contract. Jurnal Penelitian Hukum De Jure, 24(2), 199–214. https://doi.org/10.30641/dejure.2024.V24.199-214

Similar Articles

<< < 1 2 3 > >> 

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.