Contemporary Fiqh Study: South Korea as a Country of Appearance-Oriented Views (외모 지상 주의) on Trend of Cosmetic Plastic Surgery

Authors

  • Muhamad Parhan Indonesia University of Education http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9722-4566
  • Mohammad Rindu Fajar Islamy Indonesia University of Education
  • Ilham Kurnia Gustavakuan Indonesia University of Education
  • Rizka Ade Purnama Indonesia University of Education
  • Shakylla Putri Ragiel Utami Indonesia University of Education

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.30641/dejure.2021.V21.201-212

Keywords:

appearances-oriented views, contemporary fiqh, plastic surgery

Abstract

This research attempted to find out the view of Islamic law in modern fiqh studies on plastic surgery and Appearance oriented views (Lookism) in South Korea. The use of juridical empirical method, or also known as sociological research, aimed to provide an overview of the implementation of plastic surgery in society based on applicable law by analyzing problems in society through secondary data.According to the data from the International Society of Aesthetic Plastic Surgery (ISAPS) in 2019, South Korea was in fifth position as a country that is estimated to carry out the most plastic surgery procedures in the world, 2,571 times (5.1%). This shows that this country has an Appearance-oriented view (Lookism) which is part of the Lookism culture. According to Bio Med Central 2017 data, there was a high ratio of recurrent discrimination rates (OR: 3.70; 95% CI: 2.19-6.27) and "˜incident' (OR: 3.10; 95% CI: 2.99-4.83) from 2005 to 2013 against individuals in the age group of 15-24 years.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Abdullah, Zayd Bakr bin. Al-Madkhal Al-Mufassal IlÄ Fiqh Al-ImÄm Ahmad Bin Hanbal Wa TakhrÄ«jÄti Al-AshÄbi. Vol. I. Riyadh: Dar al 'Aminah, 1997.

Abidin, Muhamad Amin Ibnu. HÄsyiyah Radd Al-MukhtÄr "˜AlÄ Ad-Dur Al-MukhtÄr Syarh TanwÄ«r Al-AbshÄr. Beirut: Dar Al-Fikr, 1996.

Al-Asyqar, Umar Sulaiman. Al-Madkhal IlÄ DirÄsah Al-MadÄris Wa Al-MadzÄhib Al- Fiqhiyyah. Urdun: Dar an-Nafais, 1998.

Al-Ghamidi, Abdullah Salim. Mas'ūliyyah At- Thabīb Al-Muhanniyah. Jedah: Dar Andalus, 1997.

Al-Khulaifi, Abdul Aziz bin Shalih. Al-IkhtilÄf Al- FiqhÄ« FÄ« Al-Madzhab Al-MÄliki. Arab Saudi: MusthalahÄtuhu wa AsbÄbuhu., 1993.

Al-MadanÄ«, IzdihÄr MahmÅ«d ShÄbir. AhkÄm TajmÄ«l An-NisÄ Fi As-SyarÄ«'ah Al-IslÄmiyyah. Riyadh: Dal Al-Fadilah, 2002.

Al-Qurtubi. Al-Jami' Li Ahkam Al-Quran. Beirut: Dar Ihya At Turats Al 'Arabi, 1964.

An-Natsyah, Muhammad. Al-MasÄilu At- Thibbiyyah Al-Mustajiddah Fi Dhaui SyarÄ«'ah Al-IslÄmiyyah. Inggris: Hikmah, 2001.

As-SyinqÄ«thi, Muhammad bin Mukhtar. AhkÄm Al-JarÄhah At-Thibbiyyah Wa Al-AtsÄr Al- Mutarattabah AlaihÄ. Madinah: Al-Jami'ah Al-Islamiyyah, 1997.

At-Tirmidzi. Sunan At-Tirmidzi Al-JÄmÄ« As-Shahih. Beirut: Dar Ihya At-Turats, n.d.

Berscheid, E., and E. Walster. "Physical Attractiveness." In Advances in experimental social psychology 7 (1974): 157-215.

Cavico, F. J., Muffler, S. C., & Mujtaba, B. G. "Appearance Discrimination, Lookism And Lookphobia In The Workplace." Journal of Applied Business Research (JABR) 28, no. 5 (2012): 791-802.

Choi, Jung Bong, and Roald Maliangkay. K-Pop - The International Rise of the Korean Music Industry. Humanities, Social Science. 1st Editio. Vol. 24. London: Routledge, 2015.

Choi, Y. S. "Self-Care Will Take You to Freedom: Weight-Loss Reality TV Shows in South Korea." In Doctoral Dissertation. Champaign: University of Illinois at Urbana, 2016.

Eagly, Alice; Ashmore, Richard; Makhijani, Mona G.; Longo, Laura C. "What Is Beautiful Is Good, But." Psychological Bulletin 110, no. 1 (1991): 109-128.

Elflein, John. "Countries with the Highest Number of Plastic Surgeons in 2018." Statista.

Elfving-Hwang, Joanna K. "Man Made Beautiful: The Social Role of Grooming and Body Work in Performing Middle-Aged Corporate Masculinity in South Korea." Men and Masculinities (2020): 1-21.

Fackler, Martin."In South Korea, Cosmetic Surgery Falters with Economy." The New York Times, 2009.

https://www.nytimes.com/2009/01/02/ world/asia/02iht-plastic.1.19049082. html?searchResultPosition=1.

Hai-Sook, Kim. "The Effet of Physical Attractiveness on Interpersonal Perception and Impression Judgment in Koreans." Korean Journal of Social Psychology 12, no. 3 (1993): 199-210.

Hoon, Jin. "Misconceptions about Mandible Reduction Procedures." Aesthetic Plastic Surgery 29, no. 4 (2005): 317-324.

HSB, Ali Marwan. "Mengkritisi Pemberlakuan Teori Fiksi Hukum (Criticising Enactment Of Law Fiction Theory)." Jurnal Penelitian Hukum De Jure 16, no. 3 (2016): 251-264.

Huang, Shuling. "Nation-Branding and Transnational Consumption: Japan-Mania and the Korean Wave in Taiwan." Media, Culture & Society 33, no. 1 (2011): 3-18.

Jalil, Abdul. "Karakter Pendidikan Untuk Membentuk Pendidikan Karakter." Nadwa 6, no. 2 (2016): 175.

Kim, Andrew Eungi. "Nonofficial Religion in South Korea: Prevalence of Fortunetelling and Other Forms of Divination." Review of Religious Research 46, no. 3 (2009): 284-302.

Kim, Yonghwa. The 200 Pounds Beauty (Minyeoneun Gweroweo). Seoul: K.M. Culture Co, 2006.

Lee, H., Son, I., Yoon, J., & Kim, S. S. "Lookism Hurts: Appearance Discrimination and Self- Rated Health in South Korea." International journal for equity in health 16, no. 1 (2017):204.

Maghfiroh, Nurl, and Heniyatun. Kajian Yuridis Operasi Plastik Sebagai Ijtihad Dalam Hukum Islam. Magelang: Fakultas Hukum Universitas Muhammadiyah, 2015.

Manshur, Muhamad Khalid. Al-AhkÄm At- Thibbiyyah Al-Muta'alliqah Bi An-NisÄ, Fi Al-Fiqh Al-Islami. Urdun: Dar An-Nafais, 1999.

Marzoeki, Djohansjah. Analisis Dan Evaluasi Hukum Tentang Pengaturan Bedah Plastik. Jakarta: Badan Pembinaan Hukum Nasional, Kementerian Hukum dan HAM Republik Indonesia, 1995.

Muhsin, Abdul Aziz bin Abdul. JÄmi Al-FatÄwa At-Thibbiyah Wa Al-AhkÄm Al-Muta'alliqah BihÄ. Riyadh: Dar Al-Qasim, 2004.

Mujib, Abdul. Kaidah-Kaidah Ilmu Fiqh Cet. 2. Jakarta: Kalam Mulia, 2001.

Mujib, Abdul. Kepribadian Dalam Psikologi Islam. Jakarta: PT Raja Grafindo Persada, 2006.

Musa, Isham Muhammad Sulaeman. Ad- Dhowabith As-Syar'iyyah Li Amaliyyat At- Tajmil Wa Al-Islah Wa Amaliyyat Naql Al- Wajh. Mu'tamar Malaysia, 2005.

Mustofa, and Abdul Wahid. Hukum Islam Kontemporer. Jakarta: Sinar Grafika, 2009.

Mustomi, Otom. "Perubahan Tatanan Budaya Hukum Pada Masyarakat Adat Suku Baduy Provinsi Banten." Jurnal Penelitian Hukum De Jure 17, no. 3 (2017): 309-328.

Nujaim, Zainul Abidin bin Ibrahim bin. Al- AsybÄh Wa An-NadzÄir AlÄ Madzhab AbÄ« Hanifah An-Nu'mÄn. Beirut: Maktabah Al- Ashriyyah, 1998.

Parhan, Muhamad, Aiman Faiz, Abdul Karim, Risris Hari Nugraha, Ganjar Eka Subakti, Mohammad Rindu Fajar Islamy, Nurti Budiyanti, Ahmad Fuadin, and Yusuf Ali Tantowi. "Internalization Values of Islamic Education at University." International Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation 24, no. 8 (2020): 14778-14791.

Parhan, Muhamad, and Bambang Sutedja. "Penerapan Pendekatan Pembelajaran Kontekstual dalam Pendidikan Agama Islam di Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia." TARBAWY : Indonesian Journal of Islamic Education 6, no. 2 (November 30, 2019): 114-126.

Park, Hyejin, and Han Who Park. "Research Evaluation of Asian Countries Using Altmetrics: Comparing South Korea, Japan, Taiwan, Singapore, and China." Scientometrics 117, no. 2 (2018): 771-788.

Park, Sang Un. "The Beauty Will Save You: The Myth and Ritual of Dieting in Korean Society." Korea Journal 47, no. 1 (2007): 41-47.

Park, Sookyung. "Workplace Bullying and Harassment in South Korea." In Workplace Bully Harassment, 12:91-111. Japan: Institute for Labour Policy and Training, 2013.

Qudamah, Ibnu. Al-Mughni Ala Mukhtashar Al- Khiraqi. Beirut: Alam Al-Kutub, n.d.

Rhodes, Gillian; Simmons, Leigh; Peters, Marianne. "Attractiveness and Sexual Behavior: Does Attractiveness Enhance Mating Success?" Evolution and Human Behavior 26, no. 2 (2005): 186-201.

Rif'at, Muhamad. Al-AmaliyyÄt Al-JarÄhiyyah Wa JarÄhah At-TajmÄ«l. Beirut: Dar Al-Ma'rifah, 1979.

Scanlon, Charles. "The Price of Beauty in South Korea." BBC News, 2015. http://news.bbc. co.uk/2/hi/programmes/from_our_own_ correspondent/4229995.stm.

Sojung, Yoon. "Number of Overseas Patients in Korea Rises by 11 % in 2015." Korea.Net, 2015. https://www.korea.net/NewsFocus/ policies/view?articleId=137499.

Suh, Eunkook M. "Culture, Identity Consistency, and Subjective Well-Being." Journal of personality and social psychology 83, no. 6 (2002): 1378-1391.

Tourk, Khairy A. "Oil Price Shocks And The Asian Newly Industrialized Countries' Response: A Case Study Of South Korea And Taiwan." The Journal of Energy and Development 16, no. 2 (1991): 255-266.

Umar, Nashir. Al-BayÄn Al-KhatÄmi Li Mu'tamar Al-AmÄliyyat At-TajmÄ«liyyah Baina Syar'i Wa At-Thibbi Al-Mun'aqad Fi Ar-Riyadh. Riyadh, n.d.

Un's, Park Sang. "The Beauty Will Save You: The Myth and Ritual of Dieting in Korean Society." Korea Journal 47, no. 2 (2007): 41-47.

Warhurst, C., Van den Broek, D., Hall, R., & Nickson, D. "Lookism: The New Frontier of Employment Discrimination?" Journal of Industrial Relations 51, no. 1 (2009): 131-136.

Zaidan, Abdul Karim. Al-Mufasshal FÄ AhkÄm Al-Mar'ah Wa Bait Al-Muslim. Beirut: Dar Ar-Risalah, 2000.

Emma Reynolds, "The Dark Side of K-Pop: What Lurks Beneath the Surface o this Perfect Plastic World", 8 November 2014 (http:// www.news.com.au/entertainment/music/the- dark-side-of-kpop-what-lurksbeneath-the- surface-of-this-perfect-plastic-world/story- e6frfn09-1227116617713)

Seunjin, Nam. 2002. Lookism Ideology of Moderner. www.isaps.org

http://asiaenglish.visitkorea.or.kr/ena/bs/tour_ investment_support/invest_guidance/ content/cms_view_655066.jsp

https://equityhealthj.biomedcentral.com/ articles/10.1186/s12939-017-0678-8/tables/3

https://www.statista.com/statistics/293331/ leading-countries-by-number-of-plastic- surgeons

https ://w w w .is aps .or g/w p-content/ uploads/2020/12/Global-Survey-2019.pdf

Downloads

Published

2021-06-24

How to Cite

Parhan, M., Islamy, M. R. F., Gustavakuan, I. K., Purnama, R. A., & Utami, S. P. R. (2021). Contemporary Fiqh Study: South Korea as a Country of Appearance-Oriented Views (외모 지상 주의) on Trend of Cosmetic Plastic Surgery. Jurnal Penelitian Hukum De Jure, 21(2), 201–212. https://doi.org/10.30641/dejure.2021.V21.201-212

Similar Articles

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.