Dilema Penambangan Dasar Laut: Pengaturan Dalam ISA, Prinsip Kehati-Hatian dan Tantangan Implementasi Perjanjian BBNJ
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30641/dejure.2025.V25.233-248Kata Kunci:
otoritas dasar laut internasional, penambangan dasar laut, perjanjian BBNJ, prinsip kehati-hatian, UNCLOSAbstrak
Artikel ini mengkaji peran Otoritas Dasar Laut Internasional (International Seabed Authority/ISA) dalam tata kelola penambangan dasar laut, dengan menyoroti implikasi hukum dan lingkungan pasca-adopsi Biodiversity Beyond National Jurisdiction Agreement (BBNJ) tahun 2023. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis normatif melalui telaah terhadap instrumen hukum internasional, doktrin, yurisprudensi, dan literatur ilmiah terkait United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) 1982, prinsip kehati-hatian, serta perjanjian lingkungan global. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa mandat ISA untuk mengelola sumber daya sebagai common heritage of mankind menghadapi tekanan signifikan akibat meningkatnya bukti ilmiah mengenai risiko ekologis penambangan dasar laut. Potensi konflik yurisdiksi dan norma antara rezim ISA dan BBNJ juga muncul, khususnya terkait kawasan konservasi, penilaian dampak lingkungan, dan akses sumber daya genetik laut. Dalam konteks ketidakpastian ilmiah, eksploitasi mineral berpotensi melanggar prinsip kehati-hatian, kewajiban erga omnes, dan komitmen Sustainable Development Goal 14. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini merekomendasikan moratorium penambangan, harmonisasi rezim hukum ISA–BBNJ, serta penguatan implementasi prinsip kehati-hatian demi keberlanjutan ekosistem laut dalam.
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Hak Cipta (c) 2025 Adrian Nugraha, Nashriana Nashriana, Ridwan Ridwan
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