Peace and Human Rights in Sri Lanka: The Struggle for Marginalised Communities to Advocate for Justice
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30641/ham.2024.15.95-110Keywords:
indigeneity, intersectionality, LGBTIQ, peace, Sri LankaAbstract
Peace and human rights serve as a check on the dominant or majoritarian culture. An absence of human rights is conducive to weak democratic forms, unequal social and political relations, marginalisation, oppression and, in some cases, criminalisation of communities. Such a scenario can be found in Sri Lanka. This paper expands upon a principal research project which found that the marginalisation of participants arose from aspects of their particular identities, including diverse sexualities and genders, races, ethnicities, religions and youth. The principal research was informed by intersectionality, social interactionism, interviews and interpretative phenomenological analysis. This paper was composed out of the research results and was further structured by literature review. People's marginalisation, oppression and exclusion are related directly to the absence of peace and human rights manifested through injustices and structural barriers that frustrated social and political participation.
Downloads
References
REFERENCES
Altman, Dennis. Homosexual: Oppression and Liberation. Revised Edn. Ringwood, Victoria: Penguin Books Australia, 1973.
Attanapola, Chamila T., and Ragnhild Lund. "Contested Identities of Indigenous People: Indigenization or Integration of the Veddas in Sri Lanka." Singapore Journal of Tropical Geography 34, no. 2 (July 2013): 172-87. https://doi.org/10.1111/sjtg.12022. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/sjtg.12022
Barber, Benjamin R. Strong Democracy: Participatory Politics for a New Age. London: University of California Press, Ltd., 2003. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1525/9780520351912
Bauer, Joanne R., and Daniel A. Bell. The East Asian Challenge for Human Rights. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999.
Brow, James. "The Incorporation of a Marginal Community within the Sinhalese Nation." Anthropological Quarterly 63, no. 1 (January 1990): 7-17. https://doi.org/10.2307/3317956. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/3317956
Chatterjee, Partha. "Nationalism Today." Rethinking Marxism: A Journal of Economics, Culture & Society 24, no. 1 (January 2012): 9-25. https://doi.org/10.1080/08935696.2012.635023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/08935696.2012.635023
Collins, Patricia Hill, and Sirma Bilge. Intersectionality. Cambridge: Polity Press, 2016.
Connell, R.W. Gender and Power: Society, the Person, and Sexual Politics. Cambridge: Polity Press/Blackwell Publishers, 1987.
Denzin, Norman K. The Research Act: A Theoretical Introduction to Sociological Methods. 1st ed. London: Aldine Transaction/Transaction Publishers, 2009. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315134543. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315134543
Dona, Lasanthi Manaranjanie Kalinga. "Indigenous Voices Within the Majority-Minority Discourse in Sri Lanka." Musicological Annual 55, no. 2 (December 13, 2019): 201-24. https://doi.org/10.4312/mz.55.2.201-224. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4312/mz.55.2.201-224
Galtung, Johan. Transcend & Transform: An Introduction to Conflict Work. Boulder: Paradigm Publishers, 2004.
Galtung, Johan V., and Daisaku Ikeda. "The Feasibility of Non-Violence." In Choose Peace: A Dialogue Between Johan Galtung and Daisaku Ikeda. Londong: Pluto Press, 1995. https://books.google.co.id/books?id=2TMNAQAAMAAJ.
Galtung, Johan V., and Paul D. Scott. Democracy, Peace, Development. Kolofon Press, 2008.
Hearnden, Scott. "Strengthening Peace with Justice in Sri Lanka: Exploring the Space Available for Civil Society to Function - Interpreting Voices from Marginalised, Vulnerable and Oppressed Communities." PhD Thesis, University of Sydney, 2020. https://ses.library.usyd.edu.au/handle/2123/24000.
Hearnden, Scott Robert. "Strengthening Peace with Justice in Sri Lanka: The Struggle for Agency to Research." Social Alternatives: A Sustainable Peace 42, no. 1 (April 1, 2023): 31-39.
Horne, Donald. The Public Culture: The Triumph of Industrialism. London: Pluto Press Ltd., 1986.
Human Rights Watch. "All Five Fingers Are Not the Same": Discrimination on Grounds of Gender Identity and Sexual Orientation in Sri Lanka. Human Rights Watch Short Reports, Sri Lanka. New York: Human Rights Watch, 2016. https://www.hrw.org/report/2016/08/16/all-five-fingers-are-not-same/discrimination-grounds-gender-identity-and-sexual.
Ife, Jim. Human Rights from Below: Achieving Rights through Community Development. 1st ed. Port Melbourne: Cambridge University Press, 2009. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511808340. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511808340
Jamrozik, Adam. The Chains of Colonial Inheritance: Searching for Identity in a Subservient Nation. Sydney: University of New South Wales Press, 2004.
Kumar, Shashi. "Indigenous People in South Asia and International Law." In Shifting Horizons of Public International Law: A South Asian Perspective, edited by J.L. Kaul and Anupam Jha, 61-83. New Delhi: Springer (India) Pvt. Ltd., 2018. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-3724-2_4. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-3724-2_4
Law and Society Trust. "Sri Lanka Atrophy and Subversion of the Human Rights Commission, ANNI Report on the Performance and Establishment of National Human Rights Institutions in Asia," 2010.
Ministry of National Language and Social Integration. "Action Plan Progress Report, 01 January 2010 to 30 September 2010," 2011.
Ministry of Policy, Planning and Economic Affairs, Department of Census and Statistics. "Sri Lanka Population and Housing Census 2012." GHDx Health Data, 2012. statistics.gov.lk.
Nussbaum, Martha. "Compassion: The Basic Social Emotion." Social Philosophy and Policy 13, no. 1 (1996): 27-58. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0265052500001515. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0265052500001515
Paul, Erik. "On the Geopolitical Economy of Violence in Southeast Asia." University of Sydney, Centre for Peace and Conflict Studies (CPACS) Working Paper, No. 13/1, Sydney, September 2010.
Pereira, W. Inhuman Rights: The Western System and Global Human Rights Abuse. Penang/Goa: The Other India Press, 1997.
Rae, Heather. State Identities and the Homogenisation of Peoples. 1st ed. United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press, 2002. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511491627. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511491627
Rees, S. Passion for Peace: Exercising Power Creatively. Sydney: University of New South Wales Press Ltd., 2003.
Romero, M. Introducing Intersectionality. Short Introductions. Cambridge: Polity Press, 2018.
Sen, Amartya A. Identity and Violence: The Illusion of Destiny. London: Allen Lane/Penguin Books, 2006.
Smith, Jonathan A, Paul Flowers, and Michael Larkin. Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis: Theory, Method and Research. London: SAGE Publications, 2009.
Smith, R. Doing Social Work Research. UK Higher Education OUP Humanities & Social Sciences Health & Social Welfare. Maidenhead, Berkshire, England: McGraw Hill/Open University Press, 2009.
"Tendentious Revisions of the Past in the Construction of Community." The George Washington University Institute for Ethnographic Research, January 1990.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Scott Robert Hearnden
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
The copyright of each article is retained by the author(s). Authors agree to grant the first publication rights to Jurnal HAM. The Journal embeds a simple machine-readable Creative Commons license under Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC). Thus, papers in this Journal can be used freely for non-commercial purposes with the acknowledgment of authorship and publication in this journal.
Licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License
