Identifikasi Tantangan dalam Mewujudkan Kesetaraan Hak Asasi Manusia bagi Penyadang Disabilitas Psikososial di Nepal
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30641/ham.2024.15.205-218Kata Kunci:
disabilitas psikososial, pendekatan hak asasi manusia, perawatan kesehatan mental Nepal, implementasi CRPD, kebijakan kesehatan mentalAbstrak
Nepal tengah menghadapi krisis kesehatan mental yang parah, yang ditandai dengan tingginya prevalensi penyakit mental yang sebagian besar belum ditangani. Masalah ini diperburuk oleh stigma sosial yang meluas, kurangnya kesadaran, dan rendahnya komitmen politik, sehingga kesehatan mental tidak lagi menjadi agenda politik. Di Nepal, perawatan kesehatan mental yang sebagian besar berfokus pada intervensi biomedis dan mengabaikan aspek hak asasi manusia, menunjukkan pentingnya kebutuhan perubahan paradigma. Pemberlakukan Konvensi Hak-Hak Penyandang Disabilitas (CRPD) pada tanggal 6 Juni 2001, menghadirkan peluang untuk mengubah pendekatan Nepal terhadap kesehatan mental secara transformatif. Penelitian ini menganalisis hambatan dalam pendekatan kesehatan mental berbasis hak di Nepal, dengan dalam perspektif para penyandang disabilitas psikososial dan keluarganya, serta para pembuat kebijakan, pakar hukum, dan LSM. Penelitian ini menyajikan empat studi kasus yang menyoroti tantangan yang dihadapi oleh para penyandang disabilitas psikososial serta peran keluarga dan komunitas dalam memberikan perawatan. Tujuannya adalah untuk memberikan wawasan tentang realitas sehari-hari anggota komunitas di Nepal. Penelitian ini menyoroti pentingnya mengadopsi pendekatan berbasis hak asasi manusia yang kuat untuk praktik yang berkualitas. Pendekatan semacam itu, yang menumbuhkan kepercayaan dalam melibatkan individu dengan disabilitas psikososial, keluarga mereka, komunitas, dan penyedia layanan kesehatan mental, bukan sekadar konsep teoritis tetapi persyaratan penting untuk meningkatkan praktik kesehatan mental di Nepal.
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