Pengarusutamaan Prinsip-Prinsip Bisnis dan Hak Asasi Manusia Bagi Sektor Pariwisata di Indonesia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30641/ham.2019.10.1-17Keywords:
hak asasi manusia, kepariwisataan, UNGPAbstract
Sebagai salah satu sektor pembangunan yang terus berkembang pesat di Indonesia, kepariwisataan tidak terpisahkan dari pembahasan hak asasi manusia. Oleh karena itu, artikel ini berupaya untuk mengulas lebih jauh hubungan antara pariwisata dan hak asasi manusia serta mengkategorikan berbagai ranah pembahasannya secara sistematis. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan studi kepustakaan, artikel ini secara sistematis mengulas berbagai kelompok pembahasan pariwisata dan hak asasi manusia serta mengaitkan salah satunya dengan perkembangan terkini dalam area bisnis dan hak asasi manusia, yakni Guiding Principle on Business and Human Rights (UNGPs). Artikel ini memiliki tujuan untuk memperkenalkan hubungan prinsip-prinsip bisnis dan hak asasi manusia ke dalam sektor pariwisata sembari membahas peluang dan tantangan pengarusutamaan prinsip-prinsip tersebut bagi kepariwisataan di Indonesia. Kesimpulannya, mengelola dimensi HAM dalam hubungannya dengan kepariwisataan membutuhkan pendekatan yang saksama (prinsip kehati-hatian). Perhatian utama perlu diberikan terhadap sejauh mana terdapat ketegasan untuk mengarusutamakan implementasi bisnis dan HAM bagi usaha pariwisata. Singkatnya, apa yang telah diamanatkan oleh undang-undang kepariwisataan masih perlu dielaborasi lebih jauh pada berbagai jenjang regulasi (hingga ke tingkat destinasi) dan subsektor usaha pariwisata. Pada akhirnya, diajukan beberapa rekomendasi strategis dalam upaya mengarusutamakan prinsip-prinsip bisnis dan HAM bagi sektor pariwisata di Indonesia.
Downloads
References
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
Aaronson, Susan Ariel, and Ian Higham. ""˜Re-Righting Business': John Ruggie and the Struggle to Develop International Human Rights Standards for Transnational Firms." Human Rights Quarterly 35, no. 2 (2013): 333-264. https://doi.org/10.1353/hrq.2013.0032. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1353/hrq.2013.0032
Addo, Michael K. "The Reality of the United Nations Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights." Human Rights Law Review 14, no. 1 (2014): 133-47. https://doi.org/10.1093/hrlr/ngt041. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/hrlr/ngt041
Ashley E. Pritchard. "Tourism's Impact On Human Rights: Travel's Best Souvenir A Case Study In Ngwe Saung, Myanmar." In Proceedings of International Conference on Tourism Development, 127-39, 2013. eprints.usm.my/26622/1/Proceedings_ICTD_2013.pdf%0A.
Ateljevic, Irena, Nigel Morgan, and Annette Pritchard. The Critical Turn in Tourism Studies: Creating an Academy of Hope. Vol. 22. Routledge, 2013. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203806586
Baumann-Pauly, Dorothee, and Justine Nolan, eds. Business and Human Rights From Principles to Practice. 1st ed. Routledge, 2016. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315735429
Beddoe, Chris. "Labour Standards , Social Responsibility and Tourism," 2004. https://www.tourismconcern.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/Labour-Standards-Report-2004.pdf.
Bowen, Glenn. (2009). Document Analysis as a Qualitative Research Method. Qualitative Research Journal, Vol. 9 Issue: 2, pp.27 - 40, http://dx.doi.org/10.3316/QRJ0902027 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3316/QRJ0902027
Card, Jaclyn a., Shu T. Cole, and Amanda H. Humphrey. "A Comparison of the Accessibility and Attitudinal Barriers Model: Travel Providers and Travelers with Physical Disabilities." Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research 11, no. 2 (June 2006): 161-75. https://doi.org/10.1080/10941660600727566. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10941660600727566
Citrawan, Harison. "Analisis Dampak Hak Asasi Manusia atas Regulasi: Sebuah Tinjauan Metodologi" Jurnal HAM 8, no. 1 (2017):13-24. DOI: https://doi.org/10.30641/ham.2017.8.13-24
Cole, Stroma, and Nigel Morgan. Tourism and Inequality: Problems and Prospects. CABI, 2010. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1079/9781845936624.0000
Eriksson, Jenny, Rachel Noble, Polly Pattullo, Tricia Barnett, Jenny Eriksson, Rachel Noble, Polly Pattullo, and Tricia Barnett. "Putting Tourism to Rights," 2009. https://www.tourismconcern.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/LowRes_Putting-Tourism-to-Rights_A-report-by-TourismConcern2.pdf.
George, Babu P, and Vinitha Varghese. "Human Rights in Tourism: Conceptualization and Stakeholder Perspectives." EJBO-Electronic Journal of Business Ethics and Organization Studies, 2007.
Hanna, Paul. "Conceptualising Sustainable Tourism - Ethics, Inequalities and Colonialism." Enquire 1, no. 2 (2008): 144-61.
Higgins-Desbiolles, B Freya. "Another World Is Possible: Tourism, Globalisation and the Responsible Alternative." Flinders University of South Australia, 2006.
Higgins-Desbiolles, Freya, and Kyle Powys Whyte. "Tourism and Human Rights." In The Routledge Handbook of Tourism and Sustainability, edited by C. Michael Hall, Stefan Gössling, and Daniel Scott, 1st ed., 105-16. Routledge, 2015.
Hughes, Michael, Christoff Pforr, and David Weaver. "Confronting the Reality of Paradox in Sustainable Tourism." In The Practice of Sustainable Tourism: Resolving the Paradox, edited by Michael Hughes, David Weaver, and Christoff Pforr, 1st ed., 1-8. Oxon and New York: Routledge, 2015. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315796154. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315796154
International Tourism Partnership. "Know How Guide : Human Rights & the Hotel Industry." London, 2014. http://www.fairtrade.travel/source/websites/fairtrade/documents/Green_Hotelier_Know-How-Guide-Human-Rights_2014.pdf.
Ketut, Ni, and Supasti Dharmawan. "Tourism and Environment : Toward Promoting Sustainable Development Of." Indonesia Law Review 1, no. January-April (2012).
KOMNAS HAM, and ELSAM. "National Action Plan on Business and Human Rights," 2017.
Kubsch, Peter-mario, Ilyta Lacombe, Matthias Leisinger, Antje Monshausen, Christine Plüss, Gwendolyn Remmert, Johannes Reißland, et al. "Human Rights In Tourism: An Implementation Guideline for Tour Operators," 2013. https://www.tourism-watch.de/files/rt_human_right_in_tourism_eng.pdf.
Kuoni. "Assessing Human Rights Impacts: India Project Report," 2014. https://www.kuoni.com/docs/assessing_human_rights_impacts_0.pdf.
"”"”"”. "Assessing Human Rights Impacts: Kenya Pilot Project Report November 2012," 2012. https://www.kuoni.com/docs/assessing_human_rights_impacts_0.pdf.
Methven O'Brien, Claire, Amol Mehra, Sara Blackwell, and Cathrine Bloch Poulsen-Hansen. "National Action Plans: Current Status and Future Prospects for a New Business and Human Rights Governance Tool." Business and Human Rights Journal, January 13, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1017/bhj.2015.14. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2627568
Mugadza, Amanda T. "Human Rights Impact Assessments for Sustainable Tourism in Southern Africa's Transfrontier Conservation Areas (TFCAs)." In IAIA15 Conference Proceedings, 1-5. Florence, Italy, 2015. http://conferences.iaia.org/2015/Final-Papers/Mugadza, Amanda T. - Human rights impact assessments for sustainable tourism in southern Africa's transfrontier conservation areas.pdf.
Nolan, Justine. "Mapping the Movement: The Business and Human Rights Regulatory Framework." In Business and Human Rights From Principles to Practice, edited by Dorothee Baumann-Pauly and Justine Nolan, 1st ed., 32-51. Routledge, 2016.
Pritchard, Annette, Nigel Morgan, and Irena Ateljevic. "Hopeful Tourism: A New Transformative Perspective." Annals of Tourism Research 38, no. 3 (2011): 941-63. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2011.01.004
Ruggie, John. "Global Governance and "˜New Governance Theory': Lessons from Business and Human Rights." Global Governance 20 (2014): 5-17. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1163/19426720-02001002
Ruggie, John Gerard. "Business and Human Rights : The Evolving International Agenda." The American Journal of International Law 101, no. 4 (2007): 819-40. http://www.jstor.org/stable/40006320. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0002930000037738
Sandang, Yesaya. "After UNGPs on Human Right and Business: Study on Several Follow-Up in Tourism." In Developments of the New Tourism Paradigm in the Asia Pasific Region, 277-80. Asia Pasific Tourism Association (APTA), 2015.
"”"”"”. "Dimensi HAM Dalam Pariwisata." Jurnal Kepariwisataan Indonesia, Vol 9, No.1, Hal 63-70, ISSN: 1907-9419, 2014. http://www.academia.edu/10046620/Dimensi_HAM_dalam_Pariwisata.
"”"”"”. "Kebijakan Pariwisata Indonesia Dan Isu Hak Asasi Manusia." In Relasi Bisnis Dan Hak Asasi Manusia: Konteks Dan Perspektif Hukum Di Indonesia, edited by Wahyu Wagiman Adzkar Ahsinin, Heribertus Jaka Triyana, Ratna Juwita, Rehulina Tarigan, First., 161-80. Yogyakarta: ELSAM & UGM, 2016. http://www.academia.edu/31727344/Kebijakan_Pariwisata_Indonesia_dan_Isu_Hak_Asasi_Manusia.
Sandang, Yesaya, and Rini Hudiono. "Hotel Business and Human Rigths: A Preliminary Study in Yogyakarta." In 22nd Asia Pacific Tourism Association Annual Conference, 685-92. Asia Pacific Tourism Association, 2016.
Santoro, Michael A. "Business and Human Rights in Historical Perspective." Journal of Human Rights 14, no. 2 (2015): 155-61. https://doi.org/10.1080/14754835.2015.1025945. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/14754835.2015.1025945
Schutter, Olivier De. "Towards a New Treaty on Business and Human Rights." Business and Human Rights Journal 1, no. 1 (2016): 41-67. https://doi.org/10.1017/bhj.2015.5. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/bhj.2015.5
Schutter, Olivier De, Anita Ramasastry, Mark Taylor, and Robert Thompson. "Human Rights Due Diligence: The Role of States," 2012.
Sharpley, Richard. Tourism Development and the Environment: Beyond Sustainability?, 2009. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2011.578788. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781849770255
Society for Threatened Peoples (STP). "Dark Clouds over the Sunshine Paradise - Tourism & Human Rights in Sri Lanka," 2014. http://assets.gfbv.ch/downloads/pdf_e_langversion.pdf.
Therik, Wilson, Astrid Lusi, and Yesaya Sandang. "Pengelolaan Pulau Pulau Kecil Di Indonesia Studi Pada Pulau Kera Kabupaten Kupang, Nusa Tenggara Timur." In Prosiding Seminar Nasional Humaniora Dan Saintek I: Pembangunan Wilayah Perbatasan Dan Pengembangan Sumber Daya Laut Tropis, 313-29. Tarakan: Universitas Borneo Tarakan, 2018.
Therik, Wilson, and Yesaya Sandang. "Pulau Kera Dan Potensi Pariwisata." Harian Pagi Timor Express, 2017.
Tourism Concern. "Tourism Concern Industry Briefing Why the Tourism Industry Needs to Take a Human Rights Approach : The Business Case," 2011. https://www.tourismconcern.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/TourismConcern_IndustryHumanRightsBriefing-FIN-4.pdf.
Tourism Concern & Institute for Human Rights and Business. "Frameworks for Change The Tourism Industry and Human Rights," 2012. http://www.ihrb.org/pdf/2012-05-29-Frameworks-for-Change-Tourism-and-Human-Rights-Meeting-Report.pdf.
Turner, J. R. (2018). Literature Review. Performance Improvement Quarterly, 31(2), 113-117.https://doi.org/10.1002/piq.21275 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/piq.21275
United Nations. "Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights," 2011.
Var, Turgut, Mehmet Yeşiltaş, Ali Yaylı, and Yüksel Öztürk. "A Study on the Travel Patterns of Physically Disabled People." Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research 16, no. 6 (December 2011): 599-618. https://doi.org/10.1080/10941665.2011.610143. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10941665.2011.610143
Veal, A. J. "Human Rights, Leisure and Leisure Studies." World Leisure Journal 57, no. 4 (October 2, 2015): 249-72. https://doi.org/10.1080/16078055.2015.1081271. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/16078055.2015.1081271
Veal, A.J. Leisure and Tourism Policy and Planning. 2nd ed. CABI Publishing, 2002. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1079/9780851995465.0000
Wettstein, Florian. "CSR and the Debate on Business and Human Rights: Bridging the Great Divide." Business Ethics Quarterly 22, no. 04 (2012): 739-70. https://doi.org/10.5840/beq201222446. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5840/beq201222446
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
The copyright of each article is retained by the author(s). Authors agree to grant the first publication rights to Jurnal HAM. The Journal embeds a simple machine-readable Creative Commons license under Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC). Thus, papers in this Journal can be used freely for non-commercial purposes with the acknowledgment of authorship and publication in this journal.
Licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License
