Hukum, Hak Asasi Manusia, dan Struktur Pengetahuan: Refleksi Metodologis tentang Studi Kekerasan Massal
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30641/ham.2020.11.151-167Keywords:
hukum, hak asasi manusia, struktur pengetahuan, memoriAbstract
Diskursus hukum dan hak asasi manusia di Indonesia masih sangat kental diwarnai oleh narasi dengan cara pandang legal-dogmatik. Tulisan ini hendak mengajukan gagasan konseptual dan analitis tentang hubungan antara hukum dan struktur pengetahuan dengan merujuk pada isu pelanggaran berat hak asasi manusia masa lalu. Dengan tidak adanya regulasi yang dapat mengatasi kekerasan massal (mass atrocities) pada masa lalu, artikel ini menyimpulkan bahwa pertama, proses pembentukan hukum dan peraturan perlu diposisikan di dalam kerangka kerja pembentukan pengetahuan. Secara spesifik, kedudukan memori tentang kekerasan masa lalu, sebagai bagian dari struktur pengetahuan, menjadi unsur konstitutif dalam pembentukan hukum dan regulasi. Hubungan antara hukum dan memori dapat ditemukan melalui tiga mekanisme: narasi analogis, kesadaran historis, dan pembawa memori. Kedua, pada level analitis, untuk dapat membantu dalam menjelaskan proses ketiga mekanisme tersebut, artikel ini menawarkan teori aktor jaringan sebagai alternatif. Selain itu, teknik tersebut diharapkan lebih mampu mencerminkan realitas sosial dalam proses legislasi. Bagaimanapun, dua simpulan ini menjadi awal semata dalam mengembangkan studi hukum dan hak asasi manusia dari lensa sosio-legal.
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