The Role of the German Federal Constitutional Court in Protecting of Fundamental Rights based on the Constitutional Complaints Authority
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30641/ham.2022.13.65-80Keywords:
constitutional complaint, constitutional court, germany, fundamental rights.Abstract
The research focuses on the role of the constitutional complaint authority of the German Constitutional Court (Bundesverfassungsgericht/ BVerfG). The research question is how do BVerfG's system and role protect citizens' fundamental rights? The research aims to know the system (urgency, regulations) and the role/ performance of BVerfG in carrying out its authority. This research is normative legal research with regulation and case approach. The results show that BVerfG has received 240,251 (98%) cases from 1951 - 2020 (6,000 cases per year), with a successful application rate of approximately 2% of the total decisions. This paper discusses three cases regarding the decision-related global supervision, the prohibition of wearing the hijab in a legal traineeship, and the case of the European Central Bank/ECB's asset purchase program. BVerfG shows that there is the best role in protecting the fundamental rights of citizens from court decisions that violate fundamental rights. The best practices of the BVerfG are recognition and reference in arranging the Constitutional Court in other countries from the Continental European and Anglo-Saxon legal systems. For Indonesia, it becomes a reference in adding the constitutional complaint authority to the Indonesian Constitutional Court in the future.
Downloads
References
Bröhmer, Jürgen. Landmark Decisions of the Federal Constitutional Court of Germany in the Area of Fundamental Rights, n.d. www.kas.de.
Castillo-Ortiz, Pablo. "The Dilemmas of Constitutional Courts and the Case for a New Design of Kelsenian Institutions." Law and Philosophy 39, no. 6 (2020): 617-655. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10982-020-09378-3. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10982-020-09378-3
Chakim, M. "Desain Institusional Dewan Kehormatan Penyelenggara Pemilu (DKPP) Sebagai Peradilan Etik." Jurnal Konstitusi 11, no. 2 (2014): 393-408. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31078/jk11210
Chakim, M. Lutfi. "A Comparative Perspective on Constitutional Complaint: Discussing Models, Procedures, and Decisions." Constitutional Review 5, no. 1 (2019): 096. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31078/consrev514
Collings, Justin. "The Supreme Court and the Memory of Evil." Stanford Law Review 71, no. 2 (2019): 265.
Dannemann, Gerhard (1994), Constitutional Complaints: The European Perspective, International and Compamparative Law Quarterly, 43(1) DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/iclqaj/43.1.142
Duvan, Ayse Özkan. "Possible Effects of the Constitutional Complaint Mechanism on Human Rights Practices." Annales de la Faculté de Droit d'Istanbul 45, no. 62 (2013): 29-42. http://www.journals.istanbul.edu.tr/iuafdi/article/view/5000121143.
Engel, Annegret, Julian Nowag, and Xavier Groussot. "Is This Completely M.A.D.?" Nordic Journal of European Law 3, no. 1 (2020): 128-150. DOI: https://doi.org/10.36969/njel.v3i1.21995
Faiz, Pan Mohamad. "A Prospect and Challenges for Adopting Constitutional Complaint and Constitutional Question in the Indonesian Constitutional Court." Constitutional Review 2, no. 1 (2016): 103. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31078/consrev215
Goldmann, Matthias. "The European Economic Constitution after the PSPP Judgment: Towards Integrative Liberalism?" German Law Journal 21, no. 5 (2020): 1058-1077. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/glj.2020.64
Grimm, Dieter., Mattias Wendel and Tobias Reinbacher., "European Constitutionalism and the German Basic Law", Anneli Albi and Samo Bardutzky (ed), National Constitutions in European and Global Governance: Democracy, Rights, the Rule of Law (National Reports), Asser Press, Netherlands, 2019, p.415 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6265-273-6_10
Grimm, Dieter. "A Long Time Coming." German Law Journal 21, no. 5 (2020): 944-949. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/glj.2020.55
Hailbronner, Michaela. "Rethinking the Rise of the German Constitutional Court: From Anti-Nazism to Value Formalism." International Journal of Constitutional Law 12, no. 3 (2014): 626-649. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/icon/mou047
Kommers, Donald P., and Russell A. Miller. "Das Bundesverfassungsgericht: Procedure, Practice and Policy of the German Federal Constitutional Court." Journal of Comparative Law 3, no. 2 (2008): 194-211.
Lailam, Tanto., "Membangun Constitutional Morality Hakim Konstitusi di Indonesia", Jurnal Penelitian Hukum De Jure Volume 20, Nomor 4, Desember 2020 DOI: https://doi.org/10.30641/dejure.2020.V20.511-530
Lailam, Tanto., "Problem dan Solusi Penataan Checks and Balances System dalam Pembentukan dan Pengujian Undang-Undang di Indonesia", Jurnal Negara Hukum, Vol. 12, No. 1, Juni 2021
Lailam, Tanto., 2021, Constitutional Complaint (Pelaksanaan Kewenangan Bundesverfas-sungsgericht Jerman dan Pelembagaan pada Mahkamah Konstitusi Republik Indonesia), Laporan Penelitian Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta, tidak diterbitkam.
Mayer, Franz C. "To Boldly Go Where No Court Has Gone before. The German Federal Constitutional Court's Ultra Vires Decision of May 5, 2020." German Law Journal 21, no. 5 (2020): 1023-1031. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/glj.2020.58
Nußberger, Angelika., 2019, The European Court of Human Rights and the German Federal Constitutional Court1, access on https://www.cak.cz/assets/pro-advokaty/mezinarodni-vztahy/the-echr-and-the-german-constitutional-court_angelika-nussberger.pdf
Palguna, I Dewa Gede. "Constitutional Complaint and the Protection of Citizens the Constitutional Rights." Constitutional Review 3, no. 1 (2017): 1. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31078/consrev311
Petersen, Niels. "Karlsruhe's Lochner Moment? A Rational Choice Perspective on the German Federal Constitutional Court's Relationship to the CJEU after the PSPP Decision." German Law Journal 21, no. 5 (2020): 995-1005. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/glj.2020.54
Petersen, Niels, and Konstantin Chatziathanasiou. "Balancing Competences? Proportionality as an Instrument to Regulate the Exercise of Competences after the PSPP Judgment of the Bundesverfassungsgericht." European Constitutional Law Review 17, no. 2 (2021): 314-334. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S1574019621000201
Poli, Sara, and Roberto Cisotta. "The German Federal Constitutional Court's Exercise of Ultra Vires Review and the Possibility to Open an Infringement Action for the Commission." German Law Journal 21, no. 5 (2020): 1078-1089. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/glj.2020.57
Preshova, Denis. "The New Roles of Constitutional Courts in the Era of European Integration Erlangung Der Doktorwürde Einer Hohen Rechtswissenschaftlichen Fakultät", Universitat zu Koln, Germany (n.d.).
Seibert-Fort, Anja, "Judicial Independence and Democratic Accountability: The German Functiuon ann Ligitimacy of the German Federal Court", in Ernest Hirchs Balin, Gerhard van der Schyff, Marteen Stremler (Ed), European Yearbook of Constitutional Law 2019: Judicial Power: Safeguards and Limit in Democratic Society, Asser Press and Springer, Berlin-Germany, 2020 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6265-359-7_3
Tomuschat, Christian, David P. Currie, and Donald P. Kommers. "Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany." The effects of brief mindfulness intervention on acute pain experience: An examination of individual difference 1 (2012): 1689-1699. https://www.bundestag.de/blob/284870/ce0d03414872b427e57fccb703634dcd/basic_law-data.pdf.
Violante, Teresa. "Bring Back the Politics: The PspP Ruling in Its Institutional Context." German Law Journal 21, no. 5 (2020): 1045-1057. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/glj.2020.63
Von Bogdandy, Armin, and Davide Paris. "Building Judicial Authority: A Comparison between the Italian Constitutional Court and the German Federal Constitutional Court." Revista Derecho del Estado, no. 43 (2019): 5-24. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3313641
Zoelva, Hamdan. "Constitutional Complaint Constitutional Question dan Perlindungan Hak-Hak Konstitusional Warga Negara." Jurnal Media Hukum 19, no. 1 (2012): 152-165
Regulation and Decision:
Germany, Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany 23 May 1949 Last amended on 28 March 2019
Germany, Federal Constitutional Court Act in the version of 11 August 1993 (Federal Law Gazette I p. 1473), last amended by Article 2 of the Act of 8 October 2017 (Federal Law Gazette I p. 3546).
Germany, The Bundesverfassungsgericht judgement 2 BvR 859/15 inter alia
Germany, The Bundesverfassungsgericht order 1 BvR 2835/17
Germany, The Bundesverfassungsgericht order number 2 BvR 1333/17
Internet:
Bayerischer Verfassungsgerichtshof, https://www.bayern.verfassungsgerichtshof.de/bayverfgh/ diakses pada tanggal 10 Januari 2022
Bundesgerichtshof, https://www.bundesgerichtshof. de/DE/Home/home_node.html., diakses pada tanggal 8 Januari 2022
Bundesozialgericht diakses dari https://www.bsg.bund.de/EN/Home/home_node.html pada tanggal 6 Januari 2022.
Bundesarbeitsgericht, https://www.bundesarbeitsgericht.de/en/responsibilities/diakses pada tanggal 7 Januari 2022
Bundesfinanzhofs, https://www.bundesfinanzhof.de/de/, diakses pada tanggal 7 Januari 2022
Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) https://european-union.europa.eu/ institutions-law-budget/institutions-and-bodies/institutions-and-bodies-profiles/court-justice-european-union-cjeu_en
Niedersächsischen Staatsgerichtshofshttps://staatsgerichtshof.niedersachsen.de/startseite/, diakses pada tanggal 10 Januari 2022.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Tanto Lailam
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
The copyright of each article is retained by the author(s). Authors agree to grant the first publication rights to Jurnal HAM. The Journal embeds a simple machine-readable Creative Commons license under Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC). Thus, papers in this Journal can be used freely for non-commercial purposes with the acknowledgment of authorship and publication in this journal.
Licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License
