Komisi Kebenaran dan Rekonsiliasi dalam Era Nontransisional: Implementasi di Korea Selatan dan Kanada
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30641/ham.2022.13.413-428Kata Kunci:
komisi kebenaran, rekonsiliasi, pelanggaran HAM beratAbstrak
Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan praktik Komisi Kebenaran Rekonsiliasi (KKR) dalam era nontransisional. KKR dalam era nontransisional dibentuk oleh negara demokrasi atau untuk mengungkapkan kebenaran atas peristiwa pelanggaran hak asasi manusia (HAM) berat yang terjadi puluhan tahun yang lalu. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian perbandingan yang membandingkan praktik KKR di Korea Selatan (Commission on Clearing up Past Incidents for Truth and Reconciliation/TRCK) dan Kanada (Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada/TRCC). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan beberapa hal, yakni bahwa TRCK dan TRCC dibentuk sebagai upaya negara menyempurnakan berbagai upaya terdahulu dalam menangani pelanggaran HAM berat di masa lalu; jumlah keanggotaan staf lebih memberikan dampak yang signifikan terhadap kesuksesan KKR dibandingkan jumlah komisioner; adanya norma yang mengatur mengenai perlindungan, larangan, dan sanksi bagi komisioner dan staf, pemberi kesaksian, orang-orang yang tersebut namanya dalam kesaksian serta masyarakat secara umum; TRCK dan TRCC mengumpulkan fakta dalam waktu dua tahun; dan proses rekonsiliasi dilakukan oleh komisi melalui rehabilitasi nama baik dan melakukan berbagai upacara peringatan. Artikel ini merekomendasikan agar praktik KKR di Korea Selatan dan Kanada dapat diadopsi dalam penyiapan kebijakan pembentukan KKR di Indonesia.Unduhan
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