Hak Asasi Manusia dan Perbatasan: Mengembalikan Kerugian Hak-Hak Masyarakat Adat Sama Dilaut di Filipina Selatan
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30641/ham.2024.15.19-34Kata Kunci:
perampasan, masyarakat adat maritim, Sama Dilaut, pengembara laut, Filipina SelatanAbstrak
Suku Sama Dilaut mengidentifikasi sumber tanah air dan identitas mereka sebagai suku maritim. Meskipun hak-hak prosedural mereka dijamin oleh instrumen hukum internasional dan domestik, mereka tetap berada di pinggiran dalam hirarki etnis informal, bukan karena miskin sumber daya, tetapi karena tidak memiliki kemampuan dan kebebasan. Berbeda dengan perampasan materi, penelitian ini berfokus pada perampasan hak, yaitu keterasingan konteks dan perspektif masyarakat adat dalam penafsiran dan pemenuhan hak asasi manusia. Dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif khususnya fenomenologi dan wawancara dengan informan kunci, penelitian ini pertama-tama mempertanyakan pengalaman hidup mereka yang mengalami perampasan di darat, di laut, dan di tingkat horizontal (komunitas atau antar etnis) dan vertikal (Negara). Kedua, penelitian ini secara kritis mengkaji jalur dan solusi untuk menikmati hak dan kebebasan mereka sepenuhnya. Hasilnya berfokus pada konsep tentang hak asasi manusia (kapatut manusiya) dan identifikasi empat perampasan signifikan yang berlawanan dengan kebebasan yang diinginkan Keempat hal tersebut terkait dengan pengetahuan dan pendidikan (pangalaman atau panghati), budaya dan spiritualitas adat serta kepercayaan agama (pangaddatan dan pag-omboh atau pag-paybahau), kehidupan ekonomi yang tradisional dan beragam (pag-usaha atau pagkalluman), serta kepemimpinan dan partisipasi sosial-politik (panglima atau nakura). Studi ini berkontribusi dalam menempatkan lanskap hak asasi manusia internasional ke dalam perspektif Sama Dilaut, yang terampas kebebasannya namun kaya akan budaya dan pandangan dunia (maritim).
Unduhan
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