Philosophical Foundation of Human Rights According to Höffe and Lohmann

Otto Gusti Ndegong Madung; Adrianus Yohanes Mai; Winibaldus Stefanus Mere

doi:10.30641/ham.2025.16.1-10

Penulis

Otto Gusti Ndegong Madung Institut Filsafat dan Teknologi Kreatif Ledaro, Indonesia
Adrianus Yohanes Mai Fakultas Filsafat, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia
Winibaldus Stefanus Mere Institute for Social Ethics, Nanzan University, Nagoya, Jepang

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.30641/ham.2025.16.1-10

Kata Kunci:

hak asasi manusia, filsafat, pembenaran, universalitas, HÃ¶ffe, Lohmann

Abstrak

Artikel ini bertujuan untuk secara filosofis membenarkan universalitas dan keberadaan hak asasi manusia. Secara historis, konsep hak asasi manusia telah berkembang sesuai dengan konteks di mana hak asasi manusia dihidupi. Salah satu tema perdebatan adalah bagaimana hak asasi manusia dibenarkan atau divalidasi dan bagaimana hak asasi manusia dapat diterima secara universal. Para filsuf selalu memiliki pendapat yang berbeda tentang apa yang menjadi dasar hak asasi manusia. Artikel ini medalami pemikiran Höffe dan Lohmann yang secara khusus membahas masalah ini. Berdasarkan pendekatan filosofis Otfried Höffe dan Georg Lohmann, penelitian ini menekankan validitas universal hak asasi manusia. Di satu sisi, Otfried Höffe membenarkan perlunya hak asasi manusia dalam pendekatan antropologisnya tentang "pertukaran transendental". Di sisi lain, Georg Lohmann mendasarkan hak asasi manusia melalui kewajiban moral bersama untuk mengakui semua orang lain sebagai subjek yang setara. Kewajiban moral muncul dari kemampuan seseorang untuk memutuskan apa yang baik atau buruk. Baik Höffe dan Lohmann mendasarkan hak asasi manusia pada timbal balik. Dalama menganalisis dua pandangan tentang hak asasi manusia, penelitian in menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi literatur. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa sifat universal hak asasi manusia selalu berakar pada penderitaan manusia, prinsip resiprositas penghormatan timbal balik, serta integrasi kewajiban moral ke dalam kerangka hukum untuk melindungi penentuan nasib sendiri dan martabat individu.

Unduhan

Data unduhan belum tersedia.

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