“Rule-Bending” Pertanggungjawaban Pelaku Pelanggaran Hak Asasi Manusia Berat dalam Kasus Penghilangan Paksa dan Keadilan Transisi yang Progresif
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30641/ham.2026.17.99-123Kata Kunci:
pelanggaran hak asasi manusia berat, pelanggaran aturan, pertanggungjawaban, pengadilan hak asasi manusia, pengadilan pidana internasionalAbstrak
Penelitian ini mengkaji bagaimana penerapan pertanggungjawaban bagi pelanggar HAM berat dalam konteks keadilan transisi seringkali melibatkan "pelanggaran aturan". Makalah ini berfokus pada ketegangan antara norma hukum dan kepentingan otoritas, khususnya dalam kasus penghilangan paksa, terkait tanggung jawab komando. Dengan mempertimbangkan kasus Indonesia dan membandingkannya dengan penerapan proses penuntutan pertanggungjawaban di berbagai negara, penelitian ini menggunakan metode sosio-legal dan semiotika kejahatan untuk mendekonstruksi hukum guna keperluan analisis. Penelitian ini menggunakan teori rule of law oleh Lon Fuller sebagai grand theory, teori hukum progresif oleh Satjipto Rahardjo sebagai middle theory, dan teori pertanggungjawaban pelanggaran HAM berat, khususnya terkait dengan Undang-Undang No. 26 Tahun 2000 sebagai teori aplikatifnya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pelanggaran aturan dalam proses pertanggungjawaban pelanggar HAM berat, khususnya dalam kasus penghilangan paksa, berkaitan dengan ‘rule-bending’ negatif, yang melibatkan budaya legalisme otokratis. Hukum progresif dan keadilan transisi memberikan solusi terhadap apa yang ditunjukkan penelitian ini, yaitu kebaruan penelitian, sebagai model hukum transformatif yang melingkupi sistem hukum dan individu, khususnya aparat penegak hukum, untuk bersikap progresif: memiliki rasa kasih sayang, empati, dan berani menuntut pertanggungjawaban para pelanggar hak asasi manusia berat di masa lalu.
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Hak Cipta (c) 2026 Indah Pangestu Amaritasari, Anthon F. Susanto, Dewi Asri Yustia
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