Memutus Rantai Statelessness: Mengatasi Tantangan Hak Asasi Manusia yang Dihadapi Suku Pegunungan di Thailand
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30641/ham.2025.16.47-60Kata Kunci:
suku pegunungan, kewarganegaraan, kondisi tanpa kewarganegaraan, integrasi, advokasiAbstrak
Tulisan ini mengkaji kondisi tanpa kewarganegaraan dan dampaknya terhadap suku pegunungan di Thailand Utara, campuran kelompok etnis yang mendiami wilayah perbatasan Thailand, Myanmar, dan Laos yang menghadapi tantangan signifikan dalam mengakses hak asasi manusia karena tidak adanya kewarganegaraan Thailand. Tulisan ini mengeksplorasi konteks historis tentang bagaimana suku pegunungan menjadi tidak memiliki kewarganegaraan, serta berbagai kendala yang mereka hadapi dalam memperoleh pengakuan sebagai warga negara Thailand. Mengacu pada literatur akademis dan Undang-Undang Thailand, tulisan ini berpendapat bahwa penolakan kewarganegaraan merupakan pelanggaran terhadap hak asasi manusia. Tulisan ini juga menekankan pelanggaran hak sekunder karena berbagai tingkat diskriminasi dan marginalisasi yang dialami kelompok-kelompok ini, seperti akses terbatas ke pendidikan, perawatan kesehatan, dan peluang kerja. Terakhir, tulisan ini mempertimbangkan solusi kebijakan potensial yang dapat mengatasi kondisi tanpa kewarganegaraan di antara suku pegunungan. Solusi ini meliputi reformasi undang-undang kewarganegaraan untuk menyediakan akses yang lebih besar terhadap kewarganegaraan, serta menerapkan program untuk mempromosikan inklusi komunitas suku pegunungan dalam masyarakat Thailand sambil melestarikan warisan budaya. Pada akhirnya, tulisan ini berpendapat bahwa menangani kondisi tanpa kewarganegaraan di antara suku-suku pegunungan bukan hanya masalah hak asasi manusia, tetapi juga penting untuk membangun masyarakat yang lebih inklusif dan adil.
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